攀枝花市某医院医护人员营养知识问卷调查

目的了解医护人员营养知识现状,为临床营养学科建设和发展提供依据。方法随机抽取攀枝花市某三级甲等医院临床及医技人员180人进行问卷调查,用SPSS 11.0统计软件进行统计分析,2个均数的比较用t检验,多个均数的比较用方差分析,两两比较用LSD法。结果该院医护人员营养知识平均得分为75.46±9.66,不同职称、学历、职务、职业、性别之间差异无统计学意义;但不同科室间有差异,经两两比较内科得分高于外科、妇产科和其他科室,儿科得分也高于外科和妇产科,其他科室得分低于内科而高于妇产科。基础营养知识平均得分(87.14±7.85)显著高于临床营养知识平均得分(59.76±15.10)。得分合格率分布不均衡,基础营养知识及格率占98.69%,临床营养知识及格率仅占52.29%。结论该院临床及医技人员营养知识尚停留在学历教育阶段,临床营养知识普遍缺乏,已明显滞后于该学科发展的需要。     

Transfer of Training Efficacy in U.S. Food Safety Accreditation

Abstract

The unprecedented growth of the number of people served by the foodservice industry raises the need for greater sanitary awareness for today's culinary professionals. Addressing this, a U.S. national study was conducted to measure the impact of food safety accreditation on health inspection scores. Although a positive connection was established between certified managers in charge and their enhanced knowledge of food safety, surprisingly, no statistically significant correlation was found between accreditation and improved health inspection scores. This indicates that training may not be transferring into improved sanitary practice in foodservice operations. Causes for this lack of transfer of training as well as strategies to improve future accreditation training efforts are suggested.     

东莞市12岁儿童口腔健康知识认知与相关行为调查

目的了解东莞市12岁儿童口腔健康知识、行为现状,为东莞市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法于2018年6—7月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取东莞市12个镇(街道)3014名12岁儿童进行口腔健康行为问卷调查。结果96.15%的12岁儿童每天都有刷牙,其中每天刷牙≥2次的儿童所占比例为57.07%,男生和女生间有统计学差异(χ2=46.05,P<0.01);含氟牙膏的使用率仅为6.90%;84.97%的12岁儿童了解“吃糖可以导致龋齿”,65.30%的12岁儿童知道“刷牙时牙龈出血不正常”,但知道牙菌斑概念的儿童比例仅为15.63%。结论东莞市儿童口腔健康状况和行为有待改善,在继续大力推广窝沟封闭预防龋齿措施的同时,应加强儿童口腔保健知识,特别是有效刷牙的宣传教育,促进儿童建立健康口腔行为。     

重庆市3类职业人群心肺复苏认知现状

目的了解重庆市3类职业人群心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)认知现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在重庆市4个区的机关、事业单位、企业进行问卷调查,对CPR知识和态度进行描述性分析,并对其影响因素进行统计学检验。结果重庆市3类职业人群CPR知识总得分为(32.32±12.48)分,合格率为29.31%,其中开放气道与人工呼吸知识的合格率最低,为31.64%;CPR态度总得分为(23.87±4.36)分;听说过CPR、接受过CPR培训是职业人群CPR知识的影响因素(P<0.05);不同性别、文化程度、单位性质、工作岗位、自觉健康状况、自己是否患病、是否遇到过CPR的场合、是否听说过CPR、是否接受过CPR培训的职业人员CPR态度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市3类职业人群CPR知识和实施CPR的态度积极性还需提高,今后相关单位应该有组织、有计划地开展普通职业人群CPR培训,并注重培训的方式和后续的复训,帮助普通职工获取更深入的CPR知识,改善CPR态度,助推院外第一目击者的施救成功率的提高。     

Analysis of theoretical knowledge and the practice of science among brazilian otorhinolaryngologists

Physicians from all medical specialties are required to understand the principles of science and to interpret medical literature. Yet, the levels of theoretical and practical knowledge held by Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists has not been evaluated to date.ObjectiveTo assess the background and level of scientific knowledge of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists.MethodParticipants of two national ENT meetings were invited to answer a questionnaire to assess scientific practice and knowledge.Results and ConclusionThis study included 73 medical doctors (52% otorhinolaryngologists and 38% residents) aged between 18 and 65 years. About two-thirds have been involved in some form of scientific activity during undergraduate education and/or reported to have written at least one scientific paper. Physicians who took part in research projects felt better prepared to interpret scientific papers and carry out research projects (p = 0.0103 and p = 0.0240, respectively). Respondents who claimed to have participated in research or to have written papers had higher scores on theoretical scientific concepts (p = 0.0101 and p = 0.0103, respectively). However, the overall rate of right answers on questions regarding scientific knowledge was 46.1%. Therefore, a deficiency was observed in the scientific education of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists. Such deficiency may be mitigated through participation in research.     

Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing healthcare professionals' knowledge in radiation protection

Introduction

Healthcare professionals must sufficiently understand ionising radiation and the associated protection measures to avoid unnecessarily exposing patients and staff to ionising radiation. Hence, a proper safety culture is important to lowering health risks. The development and establishment of an instrument that can indicate healthcare professionals' understanding/knowledge of radiation protection concepts can greatly contribute to a good safety culture.The purpose of the present study was to develop and psychometrically test the Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) self-evaluation scale, which was designed to measure the knowledge level of radiation protection by healthcare professionals working with ionising radiation in a clinical environment.